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Open letter to
ISAPP membership
from President,
Glenn Gibson,
March 18, 2011
ISAPP's Consumer

Guidelines for Choosing

a Probiotic or a

Prebiotic Product
 
Selected Publications by ISAPP Board
Fredrik Bäckhed, Ph.D.
  • Bäckhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L. V., Koh, G. Y., Nagy, A., Semenkovich, CF., Gordon, J. I. (2004) The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences USA. 101: 15718-15723.
  • Bäckhed, F., Manchester, J. K., Semenkovich, C. F., Gordon, J. I. (2007) Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences USA. 104: 979-984.
  • Velagapudi, V.R., Hezaveh, R., Reigstad, C., Goplacharyulu, P., Islam, S., Yetukuri, L., Felin, J.,Mattila, I., Borén, J., Orešič, M., Bäckhed, F. (2010) The gut microbiota modulates host energy and lipid metabolism in mice. Journal Lipid Research. 51: 1101-1112.
  • Koren, O., Spor, A., Felin, J., Fåk, F., Stombaugh, J., Tremaroli, V., Behre, C. J., Knight, R., Fagerberg, B., Ley, R. E., Bäckhed, F. (2011) Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis. Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences. 108: 4592-4598.
  • Greiner, T., Bäckhed, F. (2011) On the role of the gut microbiota in obesity and glucose metabolism. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 22: 117-123.
  • Larsson, E., Tremaroli, V., Lee, Y. S., Koren, O., Fricker, A., Nookaew, I., Nielsen, J., Ley, R. E., Bäckhed, F. MyD88-dependent signaling modulates virus susceptibility and gut microbial ecology. Gut. In Press.
Michael Cabana, MD, MPH
  • Cabana MD, Shane AL, Chao C, Oliva-Hemker M. Probiotics in primary care pediatrics. Clin Peds. 2006;45:405-410.
  • Cabana MD, McKean M, Wong AR, Chao C, Caughey AB. Examining the hygiene hypothesis: the Trial of Infant Probiotic Supplementation. Paediatr Perinat Epid. 2007; 21:s23-28.
  • Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Sanders ME, Cabana MD, Van Loo J, Sherman PM, Rayes N, Timmerman HM, Corthier G, Vaneechoutte M, Caglar E, Volvers DAW. Probiotic and probiotic influence beyond the intestinal tract. Nutrition Reviews. 2007;65:469-89
Glenn Gibson, Ph.D.
  • Jia, J., Frantz, N., Khoo, C., Gibson, G.R., Rastall, R,A.and McCartney, A.L. 2010. Investigation of the faecal microbiota associated with canine chronic diarrhoea. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 71, 304-312.
  • Gomez, E., Tuohy, K.M., Gibson, G.R., Klinder, A. and Costabile, A. 2010. In vitro evaluation of the fermentation properties and potential prebiotic activity of Agave fructans. Journal of Applied Microbiology 108, 2114-2121.
  • Drakoularakou, A., Tzortzis, G., Rastall, R.A. and Gibson, G.R. 2010. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized human study assessing the capacity of a novel galacto-oligosaccharide mixture in reducing travellers' diarrhoea. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64, 146-152.
  • Ramnani P, Gaudier E, Bingham M, van Bruggen P, Tuohy KM, Gibson GR 2010. Prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing Jerusalem artichoke inulin: a human intervention study. British Journal of Nutrition 104, 233-40.
  • Costabile, A., Kolida, S., Klinder, A., Gietl, E., Bäuerlein, M., Frohberg, C., Landschütze, V, and Gibson, G.R. 2010. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to establish the bifidogenic effect of a very-long-chain inulin extracted from globe artichoke ( Cynara scolymus) in healthy human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 104, 1007-1011.
  • Salazar, N., Ruas-Madiedo, P., Kolida, S., Collins, M., Rastall, R.A., Gibson, G.,R. de Los Reyes-Gavilán, C.G. 2010. Exopolysaccharides produced by Bifidobacterium longum IPLA E44 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1 modify the composition and metabolic activity of human faecal microbiota in pH-controlled batch cultures. International Journal of Food Microbiology 135, 260-265.
  • Roberfroid, M., Gibson, G.R., Hoyles, L., McCartney, A.L., Rastall, R., Rowland, I., Wolvers, D., Watzl, B., Szajewska, H., Stahl, B., Guarner, F., Respondek, F., Whelan, K., Coxam, V., Davicco, M.J., Léotoing, L., Wittrant, Y., Delzenne, N.M., Cani, P.D., Neyrinck, A.M. and Meheust A. 2010. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. British Journal of Nutrition 104, 1-63.
  • Walton, G.E., van den Heuvel, E.G., Kosters, M.H., Rastall, R.A., Tuohy, K.M. and Gibson G.R. 2011. A randomised crossover study investigating the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on the faecal microbiota in men and women over 50 years of age. British Journal of Nutrition 13, 1-10.
Francisco Guarner, MD, Ph.D.
  • Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet 2003; 361:512-519.
  • Cummings JH, Antoine JM, Azpiroz F, Bourdet-Sicard R, Brandtzaeg P, Calder PC, Gibson GR, Guarner F, Isolauri E, Pannemans D, Shortt C, Tuijtelaars S, Watzl B. PASSCLAIM--gut health and immunity. Eur J Nutr 2004; 43 Suppl 2: 118-173.
  • Guarner F. Probiotics. In "Therapy of Digestive Disorders", Wolfe MM, Davis GL, Farraye FA, Giannella R, Malagelada JR, Steer ML eds. 2nd Edition, Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia 2006, 33-41.
  • Carol M, Borruel N, Antolin M, Llopis M, Casellas F, Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Modulation of apoptosis in intestinal lymphocytes by a probiotic bacteria in Crohn’s disease. J Leukocyte Biol 2006; 79: 917-922.
  • Guarner F. Hygiene, microbial diversity and immune regulation. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007; 23: 667-672.
  • Casellas F, Borruel N, Torrejon A, Varela E, Antolin M, Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Oral oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation in acute ulcerative colitis is well tolerated and associated with lowered faecal calprotectin. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25:1061-1067.
  • Martinez C, Antolin M, Santos J, Torrejon A, Casellas F, Borruel N, Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Unstable composition of the fecal microbiota in ulcerative colitis during clinical remission. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 643-8.
  • Giralt J, Regadera JP, Verges R, Romero J, de la Fuente I, Biete A, Villoria J, Cobo JM, Guarner F. Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 in prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea: results from multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled nutritional trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 71: 1213-9.
Todd Klaenhammer, Ph.D.
  • Altermann, E. , W. M. Russell, M.A.Azcarate-Peril, R. Barrangou, B.L.Buck, O. McAuliffe, N. Souther, A. Dobsen, T. Doung, M. Callanan, S. Lick, A. Hamrick, R. Cano, and T.R. Klaenhammer. 2005. Complete genome sequence of the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 3906-3912.
  • Konstantinov, S.R., H. Smidt, W.M. de Vos, S.C.M. Bruijns, S.K. Singh, F. Valence, D. Molle, S. Lortal, E. Altermann, T.R. Klaenhammer, Y. van Kooyk. 2008. S layer protein A of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM regulates immature dendritic cell and T cell functions. PNAS. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810305105.
  • Mohamadzadeh M, Durmaz E, Zadeh M, Pakanati KC, Gramarossa M, Cohran V, Klaenhammer TR. 2010. Targeted expression of anthrax protective antigen by Lactobacillus gasseri as an anthrax vaccine. Future Microbiol. 5(8):1289-96.
  • Goh, Y. J. and Todd R. Klaenhammer. 2010. Functional roles of aggregation-promoting-like factor in stress tolerance and adherence of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Appl. Environ. Micro. Appl Environ Microbiol. 76:5005-12.
  • Azcarate-Peril, M.A. and T.R. Klaenhammer. 2010. The Genomics of Lactic Acid Bacteria: The post genomics challenge – from sequence to function. In, Biotechnology of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Mozzi, F., Raya, R.R., an dVignolo, G.M (Eds). Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 35-56.
  • Douglas, G. and Todd R. Klaenhammer. 2010. Genomic evolution of domesticated microorganisms. Ann. Rev. Food Sci. & Technol. 1: 397-414.
  • Mohamadzadeh, M, E. A.Pfeiler, J.B. Brown, M. Zadeh, M. Gramarossa, E. Managlia, P. Bere, B. Sarraj, M. W. Khan, K Chaitanya, M. J. Ansari, S. O’Flaherty, T. Barrett, and T.R. Klaenhammer. 2011. Regulation of induced colonic inflammation by Lactobacillus acidophilus deficient in lipoteichoic acid. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 108, Supp. 1: 4623-4631.
  • Klaenhammer, T. R. and W.M. deVos. 2011. An incredible scientific journey. pp 1-11. Thirty Years of Research on Lactic Acid Bacteria. Celebrating the 10th Symposium on LAB. Edited and Published by Max Bingham 24 Media Labs, Postbus 28180, 3003 KD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Gordon, J. and Klaenhammer, T. 2011. A rendezvous with our microbes. PNAS 108: 4513-4515.
Gregor Reid, Ph.D., MBA, Dr, HS
  • Reid, G. 2011. The microbes are coming. CMAJ 183(11):1332.
  • Reid, G. 2011. Neuractive probiotics. Bioessays, Jul 6: 33(8): 562 doi: 10.1002/bies.201100074.
  • Bisanz, J., and G. Reid. 2011. Unraveling how probiotic yogurt works. Sci. Trans. Med. Oct 26;3(106):106ps41.
  • Reid, G., J. Younes, H. C. van der Mei, G. B. Gloor, R. Knight, and H. J. Busscher. 2011. Microbiota Restoration: natural and supplemented recovery of human microbial communities. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 9(1):27-38.
  • Hummelen, R., J. M. Macklaim, J. E. Bisanz, J-A. Hammond, A. McMillan, B. Vongsa, D. Koenig, G. B. Gloor, and G. 2011. Vaginal microbiome diversity and epithelial cell changes in post-menopausal women with dryness and atrophy. PLoS ONE 6(11): e26602.
  • Macklaim, J., G. B. Gloor, K. C. Anukam, S. Cribby, and G. Reid. 2011. At the crossroads of vaginal health and disease, the genome sequence of Lactobacillus iners. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci (USA) 108 Suppl 1:4688-95.
  • Hummelen, R., J. Macklaim, A. Fernandes, R. Dickson, J. Changalucha, G. B. Gloor, and G. Reid. 2010. Deep sequencing of the vaginal microbiome in HIV patients. PLoS One 5(8), e12078.
  • Martinez RC, Franceschini, SA, Patta MC, Quintana SM, Candido RC, Ferreira JC, Pereira De Martinis EC, and Reid G. 2009. Improved cure of bacterial vaginosis with single dose of tinidazole (2g) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Can J Microbiol. 55(2):133-138.
  • Baroja, M. L., Kirjavainen, P. V., Hekmat, S. and Reid, G. 2007. Anti-inflammatory effects of probiotic-yogurt in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Clin Experimental Immunol. 149:470-9.
  • Kim, S. O., Sheik, H. I., S-D. Ha, A. Martins, and G. Reid. 2006. G-CSF mediated inhibition of JNK is a key mechanism for Lactobacillus rhamnosus-induced anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. Cell. Microbiol. 8(12):1958-1971.
Mary Ellen Sanders, Ph.D.
  • Sanders ME. 2008. Use of Probiotics and Yogurts in Maintenance of Health. J Clin Gastroenterol. 42 Suppl 2:S71-S74.
  • Douglas L and Sanders ME. 2008. Probiotics and prebiotics in dietetic practice. J Amer Dietetics Assoc. 108:510-521.
  • Sanders, M.E. Probiotics: Definition, Source, Selection and Uses. 2008. Clin Infect Dis. 46(S2):S58-S61.
  • Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Sanders, M.E., Van Loo, J., Rayes, N., Timmerman, H., Sherman, P. Cabana, M., Corthier, G., Charbonneau, D., Vaneechoutte, M., Caglar, E., Wolvers, D., Manneck, I. 2007. Probiotic and prebiotic influence beyond the intestinal tract. Nutr Rev. 65:469-489.
  • Sanders M.E., Gibson G.R., Gill H. and Guarner F. 2007. Probiotics in food: their potential to impact human health. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), Issue Paper 36, CAST, Ames, Iowa. Download free from http://www.cast-science.org/displayProductDetails.asp?idProduct=144.
  • Quigley, E.M.M. and Sanders, M.E. 2009. Probiotic Foods for Gastrointestinal Health. Gastroenterology & Endoscopy News Special Edition. October;7:27-33.
  • Sanders, M.E., Marco, M. Food formats for effective delivery of probiotics. Ann Rev Food Sci Technol, In Press.
  • Sanders, M.E., Merenstein, D.J. Use of probiotic yogurts in health and disease. In, Probiotics: Clinical Guide, M. Floch, A. Kim, Eds., Slack Inc. In Press.
  • Sanders, M.E. 2009. How do we know when something called “probiotic” is really a probiotic? A guideline for consumers and healthcare professionals. Functional Food Rev 1:3-12. Download free from http://journals.bcdecker.com/pubs/FFR/volume%2001,%202009/issue%2001,%20Spring/FFR_2009_00002/FFR_2009_00002.pdf.
Karen Scott, Ph.D.
  • Scott, K.P., Duncan, S.H., Louis, P., Flint, H.J. Micro-organisms in the human gut - Diversity and function. (2011) Biochemist, 33 (4), pp. 4-9.
  • Scott, K.P., Duncan, S.H., Louis, P., Flint, H.J. Nutritional influences on the gut microbiota and the consequences for gastrointestinal health. (2011) Biochemical Society Transactions, 39 (4), pp. 1073-1078.
  • Scott, K.P., Martin, J.C., Chassard, C., Clerget, M., Potrykus, J., Campbell, G., Mayer, C.-D., Young, P., Rucklidge, G., Ramsay, A.G., Flint, H.J. Substrate-driven gene expression in Roseburia inulinivorans: Importance of inducible enzymes in the utilization of inulin and starch. (2011) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 4672-4679.
  • Seville, L.A., Patterson, A.J., Scott, K.P., Mullany, P., Quail, M.A., Parkhill, J., Ready, D., Wilson, M., Spratt, D., Roberts, A.P. Distribution of tetracycline and erythromycin resistance genes among human oral and fecal metagenomic DNA. (2009) Microbial Drug Resistance, 15 (3), pp. 159-166.
  • Kazimierczak, K.A., Scott, K.P., Kelly, D., Aminov, R.I. Tetracycline resistome of the organic pig gut. (2009) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75 (6), pp. 1717-1722.
George C. Fahey, Jr., Ph.D.
  • K. A. Barry, B. M. Vester, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2009. Prebiotics in companion and livestock animal nutrition. In: Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology. D. Charalampopoulos and R. Rastall, editors. pp. 353-463. Springer, New York, NY.
  • B. M. Vester and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2010. Prebiotics and probiotics in companion animal nutrition. In: Handbook of Prebiotics and Probiotics Ingredients: Health Benefits and Food Applications. S. S. Cho and E. T. Finocchiaro, editors. pp. 355-380. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • B. M. Vester Boler, D. C. Hernot, T. W. Boileau, L. L. Bauer, I. S. Middelbos, M. R. Murphy, K. S. Swanson, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2009. Carbohydrates blended with polydextrose lower gas production and short-chain fatty acid production in an in vitro system. Nutr. Res. 29:631-639.
  • D. C. Hernot, T. W. Boileau, L. L. Bauer, I. S. Middelbos, M. R. Murphy, K. S. Swanson, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2009. In vitro fermentation profiles, gas production rates, and microbiota modulation as affected by certain fructans, galactooligosaccharides, and polydextrose. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57:1354-1361.
  • K. A. Barry, D. C. Hernot, I. S. Middelbos, C. Francis, B. Dunsford, K. S. Swanson, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2009. Low-level fructan supplementation of dogs enhances nutrient digestion and modifies stool metabolite concentrations, but does not alter fecal microbiota populations. J. Anim. Sci. 87:3244-3252.
  • B. K. Knapp, C. M. Parsons, K. S. Swanson, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2008. Physiological responses to novel carbohydrates as assessed using canine and avian models. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:7999-8006.
  • D. C. Hernot, T. W. Boileau, L. L. Bauer, K. S. Swanson, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2008. In vitro digestion characteristics of unprocessed and processed whole grains and their components. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:10721-10726.
  • N. D. Fastinger, L. K. Karr-Lilienthal, J. K. Spears, K. S. Swanson, K. E. Zinn, G. M. Nava, K. Ohkuma, S. Kanhori, D. T. Gordon, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2008. A novel resistant maltodextrin alters gastrointestinal tolerance factors, fecal characteristics, and fecal microbiota in healthy adult humans. J. Amer. Coll. Nutr. 27:356-366.
Colin Hill, Ph.D.
  • Casey P.G., G.E. Gardiner, G. Casey, B. Bradshaw, P.G. Lawlor, P.B. Lynch, F.C. Leonard, C. Stanton, R.P. Ross, C. Hill and G.F. Fitzgerald. 2007. A five-strain probiotic combination reduces pathogen shedding and alleviates disease signs in pigs challenged with Salmonella typhimurium Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1858-1863.
  • Corr, S.C., Y. Li, C.U. Riedel, P.W. O’Toole, C. Hill, C.G.M. Gahan. 2007. From the cover: Bacteriocin production as a mechanism for the anti-infective activity of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104:7617-7621.
  • Corr, S., C.G.M. Gahan and C. Hill. 2007. Impact of selected Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species on Listeria monocytogenes infection and the mucosal immune response. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 50:380-388.
  • Sleator, R.D. and C. Hill. 2007. Probiotics as therapeutics for the developing world. J. Infect. Developing Countries. 1:7-12.
  • Sheehan, V.M., R.D Sleator, C. Hill and G.F. Fitzgerald. 2007. Improving gastric transit, gastrointestinal persistence and therapeutic efficacy of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003. Microbiology 153:3563-3571.
  • Klosterman, K. F. Crispie, J. Flynn, R.P. Ross C. Hill and W. Meaney. 2008. Intramammary infusion of a live culture of Lactococcus lactis for treatment of bovine mastitis: comparison to antibiotic treatment in field trials. J. Dairy Res. 75:365-373.
  • Crispie, F., M. Alonso-Gomez, C. O’Loughlin, K. Klostermann, J. Flynn, S. Arkins, W. Meaney, R.P. Ross and C. Hill. 2008. Intramammary infusion of a live culture for treatment of bovine mastitis: effect of live lactococci on the mammary immune response. J. Dairy Res. 75:374-384.
  • Corr, S., C.G.M. Gahan and C. Hill. 2008. Understanding the mechanisms by which probiotics inhibit gastrointestinal pathogens. Adv. Food Nutrition Res. 56:1-15.
  • Sleator, R.D. and C. Hill. 2008. Battle of the bugs (letter). Science 321: 1294-1295.
  • Beecher, C., M. Daly, D.P. Berry, K. Klostermann, J. Flynn, W. Meaney, C. Hill, T.V. McCarthy, R.P. Ross and L. Giblin. 2009. Administration of a live culture of Lactococcus lactis DPC 3147 into the bovine mammary gland stimulates the local host immune response, particularly IL-1β and IL-8 gene expression. J. Dairy Res. 76:340-348.

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To engender and disseminate information on high quality, multidisciplinary, scientific investigation in the fields of probiotics and prebiotics, and to advance the development of scientifically substantiated, health-promoting probiotic and prebiotic products worldwide.


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